
The following list includes a variety of types of energy storage: • Fossil fuel storage• Mechanical • Electrical, electromagnetic • Biological To summarize, here is a list of different types of energy storage systems:Battery Energy Storage Systems (Lithium-ion, Lead-acid, Flow batteries)Thermal Energy Storage (Molten salt, Ice storage, Phase change materials)Mechanical Energy Storage (Pumped hydro, Flywheels, CAES)Hydrogen Energy StorageSupercapacitors [pdf]

The following list includes a variety of types of energy storage: • Fossil fuel storage• Mechanical • Electrical, electromagnetic • Biological To summarize, here is a list of different types of energy storage systems:Battery Energy Storage Systems (Lithium-ion, Lead-acid, Flow batteries)Thermal Energy Storage (Molten salt, Ice storage, Phase change materials)Mechanical Energy Storage (Pumped hydro, Flywheels, CAES)Hydrogen Energy StorageSupercapacitors [pdf]
Classification of thermal energy storage systems based on the energy storage material. Sensible liquid storage includes aquifer TES, hot water TES, gravel-water TES, cavern TES, and molten-salt TES. Sensible solid storage includes borehole TES and packed-bed TES.
The different types of energy storage can be grouped into five broad technology categories: Within these they can be broken down further in application scale to utility-scale or the bulk system, customer-sited and residential. In addition, with the electrification of transport, there is a further mobile application category. 1. Battery storage
Thermal energy storage (TES) TES systems are specially designed to store heat energy by cooling, heating, melting, condensing, or vaporising a substance.
Energy can be stored in the form of mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, or thermal energy, as well as in the form of electric or magnetic fields. It is also possible to store energy as a hybrid of two different forms. Figure 3 maps out the different ESSs included in this paper, followed by the elaborate discussions on each type. 3.1.
Specific storage solutions might be chosen based on the application's performance needs. For large-scale energy storage applications, pumped-hydro and thermal energy storage systems are ideal, whereas battery energy storage systems are highly recommended for high power and energy requirements.
Energy storage systems can be classified based upon their specific function, speed of response, duration of storage, form of energy stored, etc. . The classification of ESS based on the form of stored energy is mainly explored here.

Distributed energy resource (DER) systems are small-scale power generation or storage technologies (typically in the range of 1 kW to 10,000 kW) used to provide an alternative to or an enhancement of the traditional electric power system. DER systems typically are characterized by high initial per kilowatt. DER systems also serve as storage device and are often called Distributed energy storage systems (DESS). [pdf]
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