
The development of light-weight batteries has a great potential value for mobile applications, including electric vehicles and electric aircraft. Along with increasing energy density, another strategy for reducing battery w. . Electrification of transportation is one of the key technologies to reduce CO2 emissions. . Structural energy storage devices function as both a structural component and an energy storage device simultaneously. Therefore, a system (e.g. a vehicle) with such multifunctio. . Mechanical properties of batteries are often 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than load-bearing structural components for aircraft or ground transportation [26]. Hence, to develop structura. . As summarized above, significant progress has been made in the field of structural batteries in past years, but there is still a lot to be further improved. To implement structural batterie. . Structural energy storage devices have been demonstrated experimentally and numerically to improve the mass efficiency of systems such as electric vehicles and aircraft and exten. [pdf]
This type of batteries is commonly referred to as “structural batteries”. Two general methods have been explored to develop structural batteries: (1) integrating batteries with light and strong external reinforcements, and (2) introducing multifunctional materials as battery components to make energy storage devices themselves structurally robust.
Rigid structural batteries are pivotal in achieving high endurance, mobility, and intelligence in fully electrified systems. To drive advancements in this field, the focus lies on achieving mechanical/electrochemical decoupling at different scales for rigid structural batteries.
For an ideal rigid structural battery, when η s = η d = 1, it can reduce the mass of the structural components and energy storage components platform by 50 % when their mass ratio is 1:1.
Since current lithium battery preparation processes mainly involve winding and stacking, incorporating structural materials into battery packaging processes, or how to bond structural materials and batteries, require breakthroughs in adhesive materials and optimization of packaging processes.
The resulting structural battery exhibited an energy density of 24 Wh kg −1, relatively high modulus (25 GPa), and tensile strength (300 MPa). Reducing the thickness of the polymer electrolyte could further enhance the energy density.
Currently, most structural battery studies are still in the early stage of concept demonstrations, and other passive components in real systems are rarely involved such as battery management systems and cooling systems.
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