
Reunion Island, a French overseas region located in the Indian Ocean, is facing a three-fold challenge combining demographics, the environment and energy. To limit its heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels, Re. . ••Reunion Island aims to achieve energy autonomy and a 100% r. . Declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 2010, the French overseas region of La Reunion – Reunion Island – located between Mauritius and Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, is. . 2.1. The TIMES-Reunion modelThis analysis was developed with the TIMES-Reunion model developed by the MINES ParisTech Centre for Applied Mathematics [16]. . 3.1. Electricity mixIn the BAU scenario, the production of electricity gradually increases to reach 14,728 TJ by 2030. This growth is based on assumptions rela. . During the 1980s, Reunion Island's entire electricity supply came from renewable hydropower. As the population grew and quality of life improved, coal and oil were introduced to hel. [pdf]
Until recently, Reunion Island had implemented the GERRI project , Green Energy Revolution Reunion Island. This economic and social development program centered on the sustainable development of Reunion Island and resulted from the “Grenelle Environment” French environment roundtables.
Geothermal energy also presents significant potential for development, with an installed capacity of 30 MW; however, the main problem for this resource on Reunion Island is its location in a protected natural area.
Reunion Island, a French overseas region located in the Indian Ocean, is facing a three-fold challenge combining demographics, the environment and energy. To limit its heavy dependence on imported fossil fuels, Reunion Island aims to achieve energy autonomy by 2030 based on greater energy efficiency and renewable energy alternatives.
Concluding discussion During the 1980s, Reunion Island's entire electricity supply came from renewable hydropower. As the population grew and quality of life improved, coal and oil were introduced to help meet increasing demand.
Hydroelectricity is the island's main renewable resource. It accounted for 17,2% of its total electricity production in 2015 (133,6 MW of installed capacity), spread over six sites in the eastern part of the island . An additional capacity of 50 MW should be deployed by 2030 . Reunion Island's biomass potential is considerable.
Although laudable, switching to renewables will not solve the self-sufficiency problem. The renewable sources Réunion uses to generate electricity will still be mainly imported from abroad. “Forests will be cut in Canada to put in our furnaces in Réunion island,” says Mathieu David, who studies mechanics and energy at the University of La Réunion.

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A fully sustainable energy system for the Åland islands is possible by 2030 based on the assumptions in this study. Several scenarios were constructed for the future energy system based on various combinations o. . ••A fully sustainable energy system for the Åland Islands is possible by. . RE renewable energyESS energy storage solutionsPV . . Islands and regions of archipelago represent interesting case studies on sustainable energy systems. Firstly, they tend to be compact geographic areas with homogeneous po. . The methodology of this study is divided into four main sections. A short description of the EnergyPLAN advanced energy system analysis computer model [18] will be followed by a. . Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 show the installed capacities of major technologies that resulted in least cost solutions for each scenario after iteration. In addition, simplified flows o. [pdf]
In order to evaluate the financial feasibility of integrating energy storage systems with solar PV system in detached houses, economic indicators able to compare the costs of the different storage scenarios with one another are needed.
While the costs of all energy storage systems remain too high to be considered financially attractive without further support mechanisms, LIB storage is clearly the best storage alternative in all scenarios with a LCC 1000–7500 € higher and a LCOE 0.005–0.04 €/kWh higher than the costs of a 13.5 kW stand-alone solar PV system.
Hence, the optimal capacity of all the energy storage systems is zero, whereas the feasible solar PV size is limited to below 20 % when using the 2019 electricity prices as comparison.
For the battery storage system, a 90 % round-trip efficiency was used, representing the use of a generic LIB , . For the H 2 energy storage system, a 30 % round-trip efficiency was used, a value that could also be lower for small-scale energy storage applications.
Solar PV systems without selling surplus electricity to the grid were profitable up to a renewable fraction of 10 % with 2019 market prices and up to 35 % with the 2021 unusually high market prices.
While LIB storage clearly remains the most feasible energy storage technology with a LCOS of 3–5 times higher than the LCOE of grid electricity, the LCOS of the discharged energy from the H 2 storage and TES system is between 5 and 20 times higher than that of grid electricity.
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