India's 2024-2025 interim budget unveiled a game-changing initiative – the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. This program aims to turn 10 million rooftops into miniature power stations, offering households up to 300 kWh/month of free solar electricity. Imagine a typical Delhi family saving ₹1,800 monthly while selling surplus energy back to the grid – that's equivalent to 15% of India's average monthly wag
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India's 2024-2025 interim budget unveiled a game-changing initiative – the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana. This program aims to turn 10 million rooftops into miniature power stations, offering households up to 300 kWh/month of free solar electricity. Imagine a typical Delhi family saving ₹1,800 monthly while selling surplus energy back to the grid – that's equivalent to 15% of India's average monthly wage.
While celebrating rooftop successes, India's solar Achilles' heel remains exposed – 98% of silicon wafers still come from China. The newly announced $1 billion production-linked incentive scheme targets this critical gap:
| Component | Current Capacity | 2030 Target |
|---|---|---|
| Solar Modules | 64.5 GW | 280 GW |
| Solar Cells | 5.8 GW | 100 GW |
| Silicon Ingots | 2 GW | 25 GW |
India's solar policy dances between market protection and technological catch-up. The reinstated ALMM (Approved Models and Manufacturers List) creates a domestic moat:
Yet this protection comes at a price – domestic modules cost 2x Chinese equivalents, creating a ₹0.40/kWh premium that ultimately burdens consumers.
India's grid operators now mandate 2-hour battery storage for all new solar projects. This "solar+storage" policy aims to:
The government's financial juggling act includes:
Yet challenges persist – state discoms (distribution companies) owe ₹1.1 trillion ($13.2B) in overdue payments, creating a financial logjam that could stall progress.
India's solar strategy unfolds against a complex geopolitical backdrop. While reducing reliance on Chinese components (currently 85% of imports), the reality remains:
The policy tightrope walk continues as India balances energy security, climate commitments, and economic realities. With 280 GW solar target looming, the subcontinent's energy transformation enters its most critical phase.
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