São Tomé and Príncipe the integrated markal efom system

What is the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (times)?

The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) – a bottom-up optimization model for energy-environment systems. The TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) model generator was developed by ETSAP the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Program, which is a Technology Cooperation Program of the International Energy Agency.

What does EFOM stand for?

The model selects that combination of technologies that minimizes total energy system cost. The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM system (TIMES) is an evolved version of MARKAL and of the Energy Flow Optimisation Model (EFOM) with new functions and flexibilities, also developed within the ETSAP.

What is the difference between 1markal and EFOM?

1MARKAL (MARket ALlocation model, Fishbone et al, 1981, 1983, Berger et al. 1992) and EFOM (Van Voort et al, 1984) are two bottom-up energy models that inspired the structure of TIMES. such that the suppliers produce exactly the quantities demanded by the consumers. This equilibrium has the property that the total economic surplus is maximized.

What is MARKAL/times?

Today it is estimated that MARKAL/TIMES has been introduced to well over 300 institutions in more than 80 countries, and is generally considered the benchmark integrated energy system optimization platform available for use around the world. This section contains a point-by-point comparison of highlights of the TIMES and MARKAL models.

How did MARKAL-Marco become a large optimization model?

Some years after ETA-MACRO, MARKAL-MACRO (Manne-Wene, 1992) was obtained by replacing the simplified ETA energy sub-model by the much more detailed MARKAL, giving rise to a large optimization model where most, but not all equations were linear.