The most common bracing methods for resisting lateral forces in commercial buildings include moment frames, shear walls, and braced frames. These are vertical elements that transfer
Wall bracing provides racking resistance against horizontal (lateral) racking loads from wind and earthquakes and prevents the wall studs from distorting in the plane of the wall (racking) in
The targeted bracing analysis tool must be able to address such aspects as warping and out-of-plane bending restraint, roof and wall "shear panel" (i.e., relative) bracing combined with nodal
Shear walls, usually concrete or masonry, resist lateral forces as a vertical diaphragm through in-plane shear (Figure 3). These walls are usually long compared to their height, utilizing in-plane
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