In this report, the authors present an overview of the status of the electricity sector in federal Iraq with a focus on the key challenges it is facing, before discussing a roadmap towards energy transition, and the major steps
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hybrid energy system is based on two types of renew-able energy, namely solar radiation and wind, in view of their obvious significant potential in the climate balance of Iraq [14, 16]. The
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There are a number of pathways available for the future of electricity supply in Iraq but the most affordable, reliable and sustainable path requires cutting network losses by half at least, strengthening regional interconnections, putting captured gas to use in efficient power plants, and increasing the share of renewables in the mix.
While there were minor fluctuations in subsequent years, the net import continued to rise, surpassing 20 TWh in 2020 and reaching 21 TWh in 2021. This suggests an increasing dependence on external sources for electricity to meet Iraq energy demand during this period. Figure 5. Net electrical energy import for the years 2000 to 2021 17, 18
Since 2021, Iraq has started operating three thermal power plants with a combined capacity of 2.6 GW, and Iraq has plans to add 6 GW of new generation capacity by 2025. Iraq also plans to increase the energy efficiency of existing plants and other electric power sector infrastructure.64
Iraqi energy consumption witnessed fluctuations and a gradual increase from 2010 to 2021, as depicted in figure 2. The energy consumption in 2010 stood at 129.7 terawatt-hours (TWh). Over the next few years, there was a steady rise, with consumption reaching 139.5 TWh in 2011 and 146.9 TWh in 2012.
Nearly all (about 98%) of Iraq’s electricity generation is from oil and natural gas.62 Natural gas use in the electric power sector increased after 2016 because Iraq began importing natural gas from Iran to increase its own supplies. Hydroelectricity accounts for most of the remaining share of electricity production.63
As of 2022, Iraqi energy supply is over 90% reliant on hydrocarbons, which also account for 95% of the country foreign exchange earnings. The global energy landscape is rapidly shifting towards cleaner alternatives, and the volatility of oil prices has made it imperative for the country to diversify its energy sources.
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