To improve the energy efficiency of underground metro stations, and in view of the absence of a comprehensive energy performance evaluation system for underground stations, this study introduced building Energy
buildings, which can be ascribed to the prominent heat gain and the heat sink effect. As the indoor air in the station is significantly heated (approximately 8-12 . ºC. above the outdoor air [7]) by
In the Paris subway system, stations represent about one-third of the overall energy consumption. Within stations, ventilation is among the top consuming devices; it is operated at maximum
energy building with available charging piles may also become a charging station, which can solve the problem of difficult charging of EVs and promote the local energy consumption of the
information. Current research on subway station energy consumption has focused on annual [5], monthly [6], and hourly [7] sampling periods for data analysis and exploration. However, there
The data collected in this project can be utilized to properly design, integrate and operate energy storage systems in the NYCT Subway system, leading to reduced energy usage, reduced
In the Paris subway system, stations represent about one-third of the overall energy consumption. Within stations, ventilation is among the top consuming devices; it is operated at maximum
Electric vehicles (EVs) play a major role in the energy system because they are clean and environmentally friendly and can use excess electricity from renewable sources. In
This paper investigates the sensitivity of factors influencing the transport of smoke in subway station fires by developing a three-dimensional physical model of a subway
Guan et al. found that station entrances and exits could obtain a large amount of fresh air, and the operation of full return air mode inside subway stations could also meet the
It appears that the amount of energy required for the HVAC systems and the escalators represent an important part of the total energy consumption in various subway stations. The total daily energy consumption of a Paris subway station may vary between 1MWh and 3MWh based on these studies results.
These studies of subway stations benefit from the vast literature focusing on building thermal and indoor air modelling, substantial recent interests in electrical storage systems, electrical and economics models as well as the large theory of optimal control.
Energetic profiles of a subway station equipped with a controlled battery. A recently implemented dynamic programming algorithm provides results leading to up to approximately 50% of economic savings over a day. 6. Conclusion The Microgrid concept brings a new opportunity to optimize the energy and climate management of a subway station.
This study comprehensively reveals the tremendous energy flexibility potential hidden in the net-zero metro railway system by exploring various energy flexibility strategies to improve the techno-enviro-economic and grid interaction aspects.
Swappable battery-powered railway systems without (reference-1) and with (reference-2) a 1.2-MW capacity of renewable energy are simulated as reference cases for the energy flexibility analysis.
The energy flexibility strategies and their control for the operational and design phases must be implemented into the energy management system to facilitate the study. The synergic interaction of spatially distributed metro stations within the metro railway system must be considered in this study.
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