Right now three different techniques for small-scale biomass-based cogeneration (gasifier, wet steam turbine and Organic Rancine Cycle (ORC)) are being built and demonstrated in
Increased use of cogeneration in district heating (DH) systems is important in the pursuit towards a low-carbon society, particularly in light of the ongoing electrification
The Värteverken Biofuel Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant, dubbed KVV8, is located in Värtan, downtown Stockholm, Sweden. Its construction started in January 2013
On the other hand, Sweden (SE) and Finland (FI) have very low ratios, close to 1.5, causing them to be classified as "less attractive" cases for cogeneration. These are followed by France (FR), Slovenia (SI), and
The Värteverken Biofuel Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant, dubbed KVV8, is located in Värtan, downtown Stockholm, Sweden. Its construction started in January 2013 and the final testing phase commenced
A cogeneration system normally consists of a drive motor turning a generator to produce electricity, and a waste heat recovery system to capture heat from the exhaust and cooling water jacket. The system power comes from a diesel
The Netherlands and Sweden have similar characteristics in the field of energy supply, such as low electricity prices, a large heat demand, the development of nuclear technology, oil crisis''s
The Värteverken Biofuel Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Plant, dubbed KVV8, is located in Värtan, downtown Stockholm, Sweden. Its construction started in January 2013 and the final testing phase commenced in February 2016. The co-generation plant is being developed by Fortum Värtan, a 50:50 joint venture between Fortum and the City of Stockholm.
In Sweden, on the contrary, most of the fuels used for district heating and cogeneration are biomass-based ( Fig. 1 c). This certainly has an effect on the heat and power technologies used particularly as natural gas is an easier fuel to use specially in combined heat and power plants with a power output of less than 1 MW.
However, there are other incentives playing an important role in the implementation of biomass cogeneration plant namely electricity certificates and the new European resolution “Climate Action and Renewable Energy Package”. 7. Technology review for small-scale CHP plants
The current use of biomass (including peat) in Sweden is approximately 127 TWh/y (20%) , of the primary energy supply. Based on the current tendencies and the support given by electricity certificates together with the EU energy and climate policies it is expected that this share can increase to 248 TWh/y by 2020 . Fig. 1.
Regarding the use of biofuels in district heating and municipal cogeneration plants, renewable sources (wood fuels, wood residues, biogas and secondary heat from industry) contributed with 18% of the 39 TWh produced in 2010 and peat with 18% as it is shown in Fig. 3 a.
Furthermore, the European Directive of Cogeneration (2004/8/CE) promotes cogeneration (i.e. combined heat and electric power production, or CHP) as a method to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Europe.
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