Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a disruptive solution to the "last mile" challenge in large-scale hydrogen energy applications, garnering significant global research attention. This paper
As shown in the diagram, low temperature liquid hydrogen storage technology has limited applications and high costs, making its commercial application prospects not as good as the other 3 storage technologies in the
Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a disruptive solution to the "last mile" challenge in large-scale hydrogen energy applications, garnering significant
In liquid hydrogen storage, hydrogen is cooled to extremely low temperatures and stored as a liquid, which is energy-intensive. Researchers are exploring advanced materials for hydrogen storage, including metal hydrides,
This article provides a technically detailed overview of the state-of-the-art technologies for hydrogen infrastructure, including the physical- and material-based hydrogen storage technologies. Physical-based storage means the storage of hydrogen in its compressed gaseous, liquid or supercritical state.
In liquid hydrogen storage, hydrogen is cooled to extremely low temperatures and stored as a liquid, which is energy-intensive. Researchers are exploring advanced materials for hydrogen storage, including metal hydrides, carbon-based materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and nanomaterials.
Hydrogen is a versatile energy storage medium with significant potential for integration into the modernized grid. Advanced materials for hydrogen energy storage technologies including adsorbents, metal hydrides, and chemical carriers play a key role in bringing hydrogen to its full potential.
Despite the relatively low technology readiness level (TRL), material-based hydrogen storage technologies improve the application of hydrogen as an energy storage medium and provide alternative ways to transport hydrogen as reviewed in Sections 2.4–2.6.
The outcomes showed that with the advancements in hydrogen storage technologies and their sustainability implications, policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders can make informed decisions to accelerate the transition towards a hydrogen-based energy future that is clean, sustainable, and resilient.
In the former case, the hydrogen is stored by altering its physical state, namely increasing the pressure (compressed gaseous hydrogen storage, CGH 2) or decreasing the temperature below its evaporation temperature (liquid hydrogen storage, LH 2) or using both methods (cryo-compressed hydrogen storage, CcH 2).
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