Furthermore, regarding the economic assessment of energy storage systems on the user side [[7], [8], [9]], research has primarily focused on determining the lifecycle cost of energy storage
The optimal configuration of the rated capacity, rated power and daily output power is an important prerequisite for energy storage systems to participate in peak regulation
The total investment of CES is much smaller than the total cost of DES, which provides the supplier profit margin with space to promote ES technology on the user side. Users can recover the cost of purchasing CES
Renewable energy is now the focus of energy development to replace traditional fossil energy. Energy storage system (ESS) is playing a vital role in power system operations
1 Introduction. In recent years, with the development of battery storage technology and the power market, many users have spontaneously installed storage devices for self-use [].The installation structure of energy
The high cost and unclear benefits of energy storage system are the main reasons affecting its large-scale application. Firstly, a general energy storage cost model is established to calculate
energy storage by residential users. ey concluded that compared to users investing in energy storage alone, User-side shared energy storage participates in three categories, namely,
The optimal configuration of the rated capacity, rated power and daily output power is an important prerequisite for energy storage systems to participate in peak regulation on the grid side. Economic benefits are the main
Firstly, the total cost of the user-side energy storage system in the whole life cycle is taken as the upper-layer objective function, including investment cost, operation, and
Smart grids are the ultimate goal of power system development. With access to a high proportion of renewable energy, energy storage systems, with their energy transfer capacity, have become a key part of the smart grid
For the planning of the energy storage system on the user side, the main problems are: Li D et al. [ 9] consider the annual comprehensive cost of installing the energy storage system and the daily electricity charge of users and establish a two-level optimization model.
(3) Economic benefits of user-side energy storage in cloud energy storage mode: the economic operation of user-side energy storage in cloud energy storage mode can reduce operational costs, improve energy storage eficiency, and achieve a win–win situation for sustainable energy development and user economic benefits.
In the industrial and commercial user-side energy storage planning and operation simulation, the analysis will be based on the IEEE 30-node system, as shown in Figure 1. The electrical load on the industrial and commercial user side will also change with time. User load can be divided according to seasonal changes.
Operational mechanism of user-side energy storage in cloud energy storage mode: the operational mechanism of user-side energy storage in cloud energy storage mode determines how to optimize the management, storage, and release of energy storage resources to reduce user costs, enhance sustainability, and maintain grid stability.
Among them, user-side small energy storage devices have the advantages of small size, flexible use and convenient application, but present decentralized characteristics in space. Therefore, the optimal allocation of small energy storage resources and the reduction of operating costs are urgent problems to be solved.
Based on this, a planning model of industrial and commercial user-side energy storage considering uncertainty and multi-market joint operation is proposed. Firstly, the total cost of the user-side energy storage system in the whole life cycle is taken as the upper-layer objective function, including investment cost, operation, and maintenance cost.
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