The HESR lattice is designed as a racetrack shaped ring with a maximum beam rigidity of 50 Tm (see Fig. 1). The basic design consists of FODO cell structures in the arcs together with a missing dipole concept. The arc quadrupole magnets are grouped into four families, to allow a flexible adjustment
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into one ring of a figure-8 storage-ring pair by d.c. magnets. The injection energy will be that of the central orbit in the storag ringe. Part of the radial component of electron velocity will be remove
3.2 Storage ring The layout of the ring is shown in Fig. 2 and the deign parameters are given in table 1. Figure 2: Layout of the electrostatic storage ring. Table 1: Design parameters for the
Comparisons with a magnetic storage ring will be made, and here ASTRID [3], familiar to the author, has been chosen. 2.1 Optics - the lattice GENERAL PARAMETERS Injection
Considering the intimate connection between spin and magnetic properties, using electron spin as a probe, magnetic measurements make it possible to analyze energy storage processes from the perspective of spin and magnetism.
Storage rings typically operate with a vertical emittance that is of order 1% of the horizontal emittance, but many can achieve emittance ratios somewhat smaller than this. ∗T. Raubenheimer, SLAC Report 387, p.19 (1991). Quantum effects excite longitudinal emittance as well as transverse emittance.
In practice, the vertical emittance is dominated by magnet alignment errors. Storage rings typically operate with a vertical emittance that is of order 1% of the horizontal emittance, but many can achieve emittance ratios somewhat smaller than this. ∗T. Raubenheimer, SLAC Report 387, p.19 (1991).
To satisfy them, storage ring should maintain a stable electron beam. Due to the ultralow emittance and strong magnet fields of 4GSR, stability tolerances of the storage ring and beamline is tighter than the tolerances of 3GSR.
Owing to the capability of characterizing spin properties and high compatibility with the energy storage field, magnetic measurements are proven to be powerful tools for contributing to the progress of energy storage.
Fourth-generation storage rings based on the multi-bend achromat lattice concept may be able to surpass the brightness and coherence that are attained using present third-generation storage rings. In this paper, we survey ongoing work around the world to develop concepts and designs for fourth-generation electron storage rings.
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