The 2022 Cost and Performance Assessment provides the levelized cost of storage (LCOS). The two metrics determine the average price that a unit of energy output would need to be sold at to cover all project costs inclusive of taxes, financing, operations and maintenance, and others.
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What is grid-scale storage? Grid-scale storage refers to technologies connected to the power grid that can store energy and then supply it back to the grid at a more advantageous time – for example, at night, when no solar power is
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2022 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment. The two metrics determine the average price that a unit of energy output would need to be sold at to cover all
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The 2022 Cost and Performance Assessment provides the levelized cost of storage (LCOS). The two metrics determine the average price that a unit of energy output would need to be sold at to cover all project costs inclusive of
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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s 2020 Grid Energy Storage Technologies Cost and Performance Assessment provides a range of cost estimates for technologies in 2020 and 2030 as well as a framework to help break down different cost categories of energy storage systems.
The cost categories used in the report extend across all energy storage technologies to allow ease of data comparison. Direct costs correspond to equipment capital and installation, while indirect costs include EPC fee and project development, which include permitting, preliminary engineering design, and the owner’s engineer and financing costs.
There exist a number of cost comparison sources for energy storage technologies For example, work performed for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory provides cost and performance characteristics for several different battery energy storage (BES) technologies (Mongird et al. 2019).
Cost metrics are approached from the viewpoint of the final downstream entity in the energy storage project, ultimately representing the final project cost. This framework helps eliminate current inconsistencies associated with specific cost categories (e.g., energy storage racks vs. energy storage modules).
Battery grid storage solutions, which have seen significant growth in deployments in the past decade, have projected 2020 costs for fully installed 100 MW, 10-hour battery systems of: lithium-ion LFP ($356/kWh), lead-acid ($356/kWh), lithium-ion NMC ($366/kWh), and vanadium RFB ($399/kWh).
Looking at 100 MW systems, at a 2-hour duration, gravity-based energy storage is estimated to be over $1,100/kWh but drops to approximately $200/kWh at 100 hours. Li-ion LFP offers the lowest installed cost ($/kWh) for battery systems across many of the power capacity and energy duration combinations.
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