Five specific scenarios have been analysed, together with multiple renewable energy options including utility-scale solar photovoltaic (PV), distributed solar PV, utility-scale wind and green hydrogen. Meanwhile, electric vehicles (EVs) are
This renewable energy roadmap for Antigua and Barbuda has subsequently been developed by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) at the request of the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment. (PV), distributed
Consumers who have renewable energy systems up to 5KW will have a bidirectional meter installed onto their property. The meter will measure the power coming into the property from APUA and also, the excess power sent to the
Consumers who have renewable energy systems up to 5KW will have a bidirectional meter installed onto their property. The meter will measure the power coming into the property from
The current power system of Antigua and Barbuda was used to calibrate the model in HOMER, and subsequently various scenarios were considered to provide the Government with the least-cost pathway for a 100% renewable energy power system by 2030. The study has considered the following five main scenarios:
In the previous scenario, a larger share of generation was coming from solar PV, while with the deployment of EVs we see a more even share between solar PV and wind. Almost 50% of the total load of Antigua and Barbuda is being met by the solar arrays, while around 46% is covered by the wind turbines.
From the figure, it is also clear that the HOMER optimisation has estimated solar energy to be the more dominant source of electricity in Antigua and Barbuda to serve most of the load. The dominance of solar PV in meeting most of the total load in this scenario is clearer when observing the installed capacity by technology in Figure 21.
Based on the information provided by the Government of Antigua and Barbuda, the average household consumes just over 3 000 kilowatt-hours per year (kWh/year) or 8.25 kWh/day. Based on this, it was estimated that a 3 kW solar PV system with battery storage would be added on the rooftop of each household.
It is important to note that there is no battery storage system currently deployed in Antigua and Barbuda, hence the solar systems can only generate electricity during the day when sunlight is available. This makes it indispensable for the heavy fuel oil generators to cover the entire load during evening hours.
The current power system is widely dominated by fossil fuel generation, and with the plans in place as of 2020, the renewable share would merely increase to 9%. To significantly increase its share of renewables, Antigua and Barbuda should follow the pathway of the optimal system scenario outlined in the Roadmap.
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