With distributed renewable generation being promoted, like a rooftop solar panel, pumped-storage hydropower (PSH), is a viable choice among ES options, can be deployed in an area with high penetration renewable
This study presents a technique based on a multi-criteria evaluation, for a sustainable technical solution based on renewable sources integration. It explores the combined production of hydro, solar and wind, for
Where energy is a function of system demand (q) and head (h).C e is the unit price of electrical energy. C c is the unit cost for water-energy storage construction, which is a
Currently, the new power system is evolving from the traditional "generation-network-load" triad to a four-element system of "generation-network-load-storage", and energy storage has gradually
where GHG hydro (kg CO 2 e MWh −1) is the GHG intensity of the hydropower facility, obtained from ref. 2; E hydro (MWh yr −1) is the energy generation of the hydropower facility, also obtained
This paper describes the design and development of pico-hydro generation system using consuming water distributed to houses. Water flow in the domestic pipes has kinetic energy that potential to
We show that suitable shares of solar PV, wind and hydropower combined with spatiotemporal coordination of production across Europe can induce virtual energy storage gain (VSEG) that widely exceeds that available in the current hydropower reservoirs.
The reduction in the energy storage demand, here referred to as the virtual energy storage gain (VESG), arises due to both (a) the spatiotemporal coordination of production and (b) the complementarity of different shares of solar, wind and hydropower.
We find that suitable shares of solar, wind and hydropower that maximize VESG is about 2:4:1, leading to potential storage gains of 298 TWh from spatiotemporal management and 169 TWh from complementarity (section “Virtual energy storage gain for PV solar, wind and hydropower over Europe” and Supplementary Note 4).
For the scenario of 1:1:1 shares of solar, wind and hydropower (solid green curve in Fig. 1c), the VESG corresponds to 294 TWh, thus far exceeding that of the energy storage capacity of hydropower reservoirs in Europe, which has been estimated to be approximately 183 TWh.
We compared the LCOE of different water intakes and selected the lowest LCOE as the virtual hydropower station’s optimal water intake. If the LCOE was less than US$0.5 kWh −1, the hydropower system was considered to have feasible potential.
We find that the current hydropower system producing 642 TWh y −1 has an energy storage demand of 275 TWh when used as a solitary resource without complementarity and without spatiotemporal coordination. However, this can be reduced to 67 TWh y −1 by spatiotemporal coordination over the analyzed domain.
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