The energy devices for generation, conversion, and storage of electricity are widely used across diverse aspects of human life and various industry. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as
A virtual power plant is a system of distributed energy resources—like rooftop solar panels, electric vehicle chargers, and smart water heaters—that work together to balance energy supply and
This paper explores the potential of thermal storage as an energy storage technology with cost advantages. The study uses numerical simulations to investigate the impact of adding porous material to the HTF
In this research, the latent heat thermal energy storage device with helical fin is proposed and its thermal storage performance is also investigated by numerical simulation.
In this article the main types of energy storage devices, as well as the fields and applications of their use in electric power systems are considered. The principles of realization
The thermal inertia of a building envelope endows a building with a heat storage capability, introducing scheduling flexibility to a building energy microgrid (BEM). The flexibility is usually modelled as virtual energy
age devices in BEMs to store PV electric energy [8]. However, electric energy storage devices are expensive (the cost of elec-tric energy storage devices was approximately US$209/kWh in
Additionally, a cluster scheduling matching strategy was designed for small energy storage devices in cloud energy storage mode, utilizing dynamic information of power
This paper proposed a multi-frequency stability optimization method for the integrated energy system taking into consideration the virtual energy storage characteristics of the heat network
2.3 Mathematical model of building virtual storage equivalent power There is thermal inertia during the process of building heat transfer, which is represented as a kind of energy storage and
To improve the energy-saving level of the building microgrid system, based on the principle of virtual energy storage in buildings, the temperature in the building is actively reduced in winter, forming a virtual
During a scheduling period, if the heat source heat output is greater than (less than) the user's heat demand, the heat network virtual energy storage system plays an energy storage (or discharge) role, which is reflected by the return water temperature increases (or decreases) compared to the previous period.
The results show that the operation optimization method considering the virtual energy storage of heat supply network will greatly enhance the complementary potential of the electric-heat integrated energy system and reduce the operation cost of the system.
In this paper, based on the latency and virtual energy storage characteristics of the heating network, an operation optimization model for the electric-heat integrated energy system is established, which takes into account the dynamic characteristics of heat energy transmission:
The heating system includes cogeneration, electric boiler, heat exchange station, and heat network to meet the needs of users. The transmission of electric energy in the power system has the characteristics of real-time, fast and strong balance, and the storage of electric energy has the disadvantage of high cost and difficult storage.
The heat output of the energy equipment in Scenario 1 should be equal to the heating demand at all times, regardless of the latency and virtual energy storage characteristics of the heat network, and only the losses of the heat network should be considered.
In the electric-heat IES, the power system mainly includes cogeneration units, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, distribution grids, etc, who are responsible for the supply and transmission of electricity in the entire system.
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